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The antiretroviral efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy and plasma nevirapine concentrations in HIV-TB co-infected Indian patients receiving rifampicin based antituberculosis treatment
Sanjeev Sinha, Sahajal Dhooria, Sanjiv Kumar, Nipam Shah, T Velpandian, AK Ravi, Narendra Kumar, Hafeez Ahmad, Akshat Bhargwa, Karan Chug, Naresh Bumma, Rahul Chandrashekhar, Meera Ekka, Vishnu Sreenivas, Surendra K Sharma, JC Samantaray, Ronald Mitsuyasu
AIDS Research and Therapy , 2011, DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-8-41
Abstract: 63 cases included antiretroviral treatment na？ve HIV-TB co-infected patients with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mm3 started on rifampicin-containing ATT followed by nevirapine-containing HAART. In control group we included 51 HIV patients without tuberculosis and on nevirapine-containing HAART. They were assessed for clinical and immunological response at the end of 24 and 48 weeks. Plasma nevirapine concentrations were measured at days 14, 28, 42 and 180 of starting HAART.97 out of 114 (85.1%) patients were alive at the end of 48 weeks. The CD4 cell count showed a mean increase of 108 vs.113 cells/mm3 (p=0.83) at 24 weeks of HAART in cases and controls respectively. Overall, 58.73% patients in cases had viral loads of less than 400 copies/ml at the end of 48 weeks. The mean (± SD) Nevirapine concentrations of cases and control at 14, 28, 42 and 180 days were 2.19 ± 1.49 vs. 3.27 ± 4.95 (p = 0.10), 2.78 ± 1.60 vs. 3.67 ± 3.59 (p = 0.08), 3.06 ± 3.32 vs. 4.04 ± 2.55 (p = 0.10) respectively and 3.04 μg/ml (in cases).Good immunological and clinical response can be obtained in HIV-TB co-infected patients receiving rifampicin and nevirapine concomitantly despite somewhat lower nevirapine trough concentrations. This suggests that rifampicin-containing ATT may be co administered in resource limited setting with nevirapine-containing HAART regimen without substantial reduction in antiretroviral effectiveness. Larger sample sized studies and longer follow-up are required to identify populations of individuals where the reduction in nevirapine concentration may result in lower ART response or shorter response duration.There are 33.3 million people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in the world [1]. Out of these, around 40% of patients are co-infected with tuberculosis (henceforth, called HIV-TB co-infected patients), forming a total estimated co-infection prevalence of 13-15 million persons worldwide [2]. As per the latest
Nimotuzumab with Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck (LASCCHN)  [PDF]
Naresh Somani
Journal of Cancer Therapy (JCT) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/jct.2015.64038
Abstract:

Background: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) constitute 5% of all cancers globally and are the most common cancers in India. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have not been proved to be effective in advanced cases and the prognosis remains dismal. This underscores the need for newer treatment options in these cases. Nimotuzumab, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibody, was safer when combined with chemo- or radio-therapy. Aim: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of concurrently administered nimotuzumab with chemo-radiotherapy in patients with advanced inoperable squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck (LASCCHN). Methods:？This was an open-label, single arm study evaluating 57 patients with histologically confirmed inoperable LASCCHN (stages III and IV) and eastern co-operative oncology group (ECOG) performance status < 2. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. The patients were administered IV cisplatin 30 mg/m2？and IV nimotuzumab 200 mg weekly for 6 weeks, along with radiotherapy of 6600 cGy over 33 fractions. Patients were evaluated over response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) criteria 24 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy. Results: Mean age of patient was 50 years old (29 - 79 years old). The most common site of cancer was oral cavity (56.1%). Forty six patients (80.7%) completed 6 cycles of therapy. Objective response rate (ORR) was 80.7%, with 34 patients (59.6%) achieving complete response (CR), and 12 (21%) achieving partial response (PR). Stable disease (SD) was noted in 8 (14%) patients and progressive disease in 3 (5.2%) patients. Conclusion: Addition of nimotuzumab is a safe and efficacious option in patients with inoperable LASCCHN. Our observations confirm the available Phase II data. The long term survival benefits based on this encouraging response rate need to be further evaluated in this subset of cancer patients.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Aerosols in Sonepat—A National Capital Region of India  [PDF]
Sudesh Chaudhary, Naresh Kumar
Open Journal of Air Pollution (OJAP) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/ojap.2017.62006
Abstract: Considering the mounting evidences of the effects of air pollution on health, the present study was undertaken to assess the ambient air quality status in Sonepat region. The PM10 aerosol samples were collected from three sampling sites (DCRUST: Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, University campus, Sector 14: residential cum commercial area, and traffic intersection along National Highway number 1) during January to July 2014 and studied for air quality, metal concentrations and their monthly variations. In addition, free fall dust samples were studied for soluble cations. PM10 concentration was found to be ranging from 120.00 μg/m3 to 569.59 μg/m3, 66.56 μg/m3 to 312.45 μg/m3 and 80.95 μg/m3 to 262.47 μg/m3 at NH-1, Sector-14 and DCRUST respectively. The concentrations of Na+,\"\", K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ at sector 14 Sonepat were 52.115 ppm, 6.755 ppm, 13.989 ppm, 105.845 ppm and 72.574 ppm, respectively. At DCRUST site, the concentrations of Na+, , K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ were 207.583 ppm, 0.550 ppm, 50.573 ppm, 90.659 ppm and 85.024 ppm, respectively. The heavy metals concentrations of Zn, Cu and Cr at NH-1 was 36 ppm, 17.5 ppm and 95.7 ppm, respectively. The concentration of Zn, Cu and Cr at NH-1 was found to be varying from not detected to 19.7 ppm, 2.1 ppm to 16.54 ppm and 7.24 ppm to 24.1 ppm, respectively. Thus, it was recommended that an integrated assessment of air pollution and health risk should be carried out in Sonepat region at regular intervals of time.
Thermochemical Conversion of Coal and Coal-Biomass Blends in an Autothermal Moving Bed Gasifier: Experimental Investigation  [PDF]
Abhijit Bhagavatula, Naresh Shah
Journal of Power and Energy Engineering (JPEE) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/jpee.2021.97004
Abstract: A unique laboratory scale auto-thermal moving bed gasifier was designed for studying the thermochemical conversion of coal-biomass blends. For this purpose, two coals (lignite and sub-bituminous), two biomass materials (corn stover and switchgrass), and their respective blends were used. Gasification characteristics of the fuels were evaluated with an emphasis on improving the producer gas composition. The efficiency and product gas compositions reveal that utilizing the inner stainless-steel tubing better promotes heat transfer upwards in the axial direction when compared to utilizing quartz insulation. The H2/CO ratio at the same operating conditions is much higher due to the increase in bed temperature and heat transfer upwards in the axial direction. This improved the overall efficiency by at least 20%. Using pure oxygen and steam, efficiency greater than 50% was obtained for blends with corn stover at steam to oxygen ratio of 2:1. Also, using air as the gasifying agent greatly improved the H2/CO ratios and overall efficiency in blends with corn stover. In contrast, blends with switchgrass were not very effective with respect to the overall gasification characteristics. Blending switchgrass with coal may not be viable option from the viewpoint of generating high quality producer gas for downstream operations.
Monitoring of Fluoride Concentration in Groundwater of Tosham Block, Bhiwani District, NW, India: Correlation with Physico-Chemical Parameters  [PDF]
Savita Kumari, Naresh Kumar, Naresh Kochhar, Renu Daulta
Open Journal of Geology (OJG) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/ojg.2020.1011050
Abstract: Hydrogeochemical investigations were carried out in the eight villages of Tosham Block; district Bhiwani, Haryana to recognize the mechanism and sources of enrichment of fluoride in the groundwater. The results specify that concentrations of fluoride attain up to 1.9 mg/l in groundwater samples. In the soils, the overall fluorine contents vary between 1.1 and 2.7 mg/kg, which could have sufficient potential to released fluorine into the groundwater. In groundwater, the fluoride enrichment is primarily controlled by solubility of fluorite, intensity of evapotranspiration, residence time and the processes of weathering prevailing in Tosham area. Moreover, various other water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, and total alkalinity as well as calcium, magnesium, carbonate, bicarbonate and chloride concentrations were also calculated. A logical calculation of correlation coefficients between different physico-chemical parameters was done. The 67% of groundwater samples do not comply with WHO standards of fluoride for drinking purposes. The excessive fluoride concentration in the groundwater of villages under study causes dental fluorosis among people especially the children. Except few of villages, without any prior treatment, the overall quality of water was found unacceptable for drinking purposes.
Rank-Me: A Java Tool for Ranking Team Members in Software Bug Repositories  [PDF]
Naresh Kumar Nagwani, Shrish Verma
Journal of Software Engineering and Applications (JSEA) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2012.54030
Abstract: In this paper a team member ranking technique is presented for software bug repositories. Member ranking is performed using numbers of attributes available in software bug repositories, and a ranked list of developers is generated who are participating in development of software project. This ranking is generated from the contribution made by the individual developers in terms of bugs fixed, severity and priority of bugs, reporting newer problems and comments made by the developers. The top ranked developers are the best contributors for the software projects. The proposed algorithm can also be used for classifying and rating the software bugs using the ratings of members participating in the software bug repository.
CLUBAS: An Algorithm and Java Based Tool for Software Bug Classification Using Bug Attributes Similarities  [PDF]
Naresh Kumar Nagwani, Shrish Verma
Journal of Software Engineering and Applications (JSEA) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2012.56050
Abstract: In this paper, a software bug classification algorithm, CLUBAS (Classification of Software Bugs Using Bug Attribute Similarity) is presented. CLUBAS is a hybrid algorithm, and is designed by using text clustering, frequent term calculations and taxonomic terms mapping techniques. The algorithm CLUBAS is an example of classification using clustering technique. The proposed algorithm works in three major steps, in the first step text clusters are created using software bug textual attributes data and followed by the second step in which cluster labels are generated using label induction for each cluster, and in the third step, the cluster labels are mapped against the bug taxonomic terms to identify the appropriate categories of the bug clusters. The cluster labels are generated using frequent and meaningful terms present in the bug attributes, for the bugs belonging to the bug clusters. The designed algorithm is evaluated using the performance parameters F-measures and accuracy. These parameters are compared with the standard classification techniques like Na?ve Bayes, Naive Bayes Multinomial, J48, Support Vector Machine and Weka’s classification using clustering algorithms. A GUI (Graphical User Interface) based tool is also developed in java for the implementation of CLUBAS algorithm.
ML-CLUBAS: A Multi Label Bug Classification Algorithm  [PDF]
Naresh Kumar Nagwani, Shrish Verma
Journal of Software Engineering and Applications (JSEA) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2012.512113
Abstract:

In this paper, a multi label variant of CLUBAS [1] algorithm, ML-CLUBAS (Multi Label-Classification of software Bugs Using Bug Attribute Similarity) is presented. CLUBAS is a hybrid algorithm, and is designed by using text clustering, frequent term calculations and taxonomic terms mapping techniques, and is an example of classification using clustering technique. CLUBAS is a single label algorithm, where one bug cluster is exactly mapped to a single bug category. However a bug cluster can be mapped into the more than one bug category in case of cluster label matches with the more than one category term, for this purpose ML-CLUBAS a multi label variant of CLUBAS is presented in this work. The designed algorithm is evaluated using the performance parameters F-measures and accuracy, number of clusters and purity. These parameters are compared with the CLUBAS and other multi label text clustering algorithms.

Eighth World Congress of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine, 28 October-1 November 2001, Sydney, Australia: Harm minimization and effective risk management
Naresh Ramakrishnan
Critical Care , 2002, DOI: 10.1186/cc1460
Abstract: This report covers the 8th World Congress of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and the pre-congress satellite meeting Ventilation and Oxygenation – Rainforest to Reef, held in Cairns, Australia, 23–26 October 2001, and the post-congress Symposium on Critical Care Nephrology, held in Melbourne, Australia, 1–3 November 2001.The world congress is one of the largest critical care meetings in the world, with participation from researchers and clinicians from all over the world. Despite the recent tragic world events more than 2000 delegates attended the meeting, which catered for anyone with an interest in critical care and was hosted jointly by the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) and the Australian College of Critical Care Nurses, under the aegis of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Professor Malcolm McD Fisher of the Royal Northshore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia, presided over the conference.This report focuses on the various scientific and social issues that face us as clinicians, in terms of the diseases, the technology, and finally ethical and social issues.Dr Andrew Bersten of the Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, presented data on biological markers in ARDS. Surfactant protein B, a specific pulmonary epithelial marker with a short half-life, predicts the development of ARDS after an inciting event with high specificity and sensitivity. He stressed the need for large studies with multiple markers in predicting who will or will not develop ARDS.Dr Marco Ranieri of the Università di Bari, Ospedale Policlinico, Bari, Italy, presented his new strategy of ventilation with the use of the stress index, which uses the slope of the pressure-volume curve to avoid the risks of ventilator-induced lung injury.This was, by a long way, the session in which work was presented that could lead to fundamental changes in intensive care practice. Dr Greet Van den
A STUDY OF EFFECT OF LEKHANIYA MAHAKASHAYA ON LIPID PROFILE
Kumar Naresh
International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy , 2012,
Abstract: Many of the heart diseases are closely associated with rise in the level of serum lipids, the condition known as ‘hyperlipidaemia’ which further leads to atherosclerosis. In Ayurvedic view, hyperlipidaemia could be considered analogous with increased dusht medo dhatu in the body which is caused by hypo functioning of medo-dhaatwaghi. According to Sharangdhara, any drug possessing laghu and tikshana properties, katu vipaka and ushana virya performs lekhan karma i.e. curretive and absorptive action on Dosha, Dhatu and Mala. Along with lekhan karma, owing to above said attributes, these drugs improve strength of agni particularly Jathragni and dhaatwagni which further reduces and ultimately stops production of Dhust Medo Dhatu in the body. The Lekhaniya Mahakashaya, mentioned in Charaka Samhita possesses above mentioned characteristics. The only need was to prove its hypolipidaemic effect in human body by conducting clinical trials. The present study proved this fact.
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